Uganda is home to over 1100 bird species recorded making it more than 50% and 11% of Africa and world’s bird population respectively. Uganda is renowned for its array of specialty and endemic species including but not limited to the shoebill stork, African green broadbill, African grey parrot, Ruwenzori turaco, Rwenzori batis, Ruwenzori nightjar, Shelley’s crimsonwing, green-breasted pitta, goliath heron and many more.
The Shoebill is also known as the Balaeniceps rex or Whalebill is a large long-legged wading bird that derives its name from its enormous shoe-shaped bill and is one of the most sought after birds in Africa. The shoebill stork is instantly recognizable by its large, shoe-shaped bill, which can reach lengths of up to 9 inches (23 cm). It has a towering height, standing up to 4.5 to 5 feet (1.4 to 1.5 meters) tall, with a wingspan of about 7.5 to 8 feet (2.3 to 2.5 meters). Its plumage is predominantly grayish-blue, with darker feathers on its wings and back.
Shoebills are solitary birds and are often seen standing motionless for long periods, waiting for prey to come within striking distance. They are carnivorous and feed mainly on fish, but they also consume amphibians, reptiles (such as baby crocodiles), and small mammals like rodents. Their solitary nature extends to their breeding as there are three nests for a km2 and the nesting starts right after the rains end. Both the female and male shoebills engage in the nest building and the female usually lays 1-3eggs. The incubation period is about 30days and both parents are fully in the protection of the nest and feeding the young ones. Shoebills mature at the age of 3years sexually, with young ones develop feathers for flying around 105days and can fly at 112days with a life span of about 35-50years and more.
Shoebill storks are primarily found in freshwater swamps, marshes, and wetlands of central tropical Africa, particularly in countries like Uganda, South Sudan, Zambia, and Tanzania. They prefer habitats with dense vegetation and shallow water, where they can hunt for fish and other prey.
The shoebill is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss, degradation, and hunting pressure. Wetland destruction and disturbance from human activities, such as drainage for agriculture and infrastructure development, pose significant threats to their survival. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, community engagement, and research to better understand and conserve these enigmatic birds. Shoebill storks are a popular attraction for birdwatchers and eco-tourists in Africa. Countries like Uganda have established protected areas and birding sites where visitors can observe shoebills in their natural habitat, contributing to local economies and conservation efforts.